1. Task 10.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
Besides athletic prowess, what does the Olympic Games serve as a platform for?
3. Task 15.
Can We Teach Robots Ethics?
We are not used to the idea of machines making ethical decisions, but the day when they will routinely do this – by themselves – is fast approaching. So how will driverless cars betaught to do the right thing?
The year is 2027. A driverless car arrives at your home at 8 a.m. to take you to work. There has never been trouble on the journey before. But today something unusual and terrible occurs: two children run out into the street in front of you. There is no time to stop and brake. The car also has the option of swerving left which will result in the car hitting an approaching motorbike. What choice will the car make? The factor of the car being able to choose, brings us the question: what kind of ethics should we programme into the car? How should we value the life of the driver compared to passengers in other cars? Would you buy a car that was prepared to sacrifice its driver to spare the lives of pedestrians? With each choice, come consequences, which then brings another question: where does the fault lie, with the manufacturer, the technology company or the person inside the car?
As this car, or something similar, will be on our roads in a decade, several technical issues still need to be overcome. But an obstacle for the driverless car, which may delay its appearance, is not merely mechanical, or electronic, but moral. Nonetheless, in the future there may be a few occasions when the driverless car does have to make a choice – which way to swerve, who to harm, or who to risk harming? Then there is the difficult matter of who is going to make these ethical decisions. Will the Government decide how cars make choices? Or the manufacturer? Or will it be you, the consumer? Will you be able to walk into a showroom and select the car ethics as you would its colour?
Like driverless cars, autonomous weapons are not science fiction. There are already weapons that operate without being fully controlled by humans. These robots should betaught some war rules, like prohibiting the deliberate killing of civilians. In this learning process, the robots are given a very essential ‘avoid suffering’, ‘promote happiness’ basis. Then as the robot is used, it ‘learns’ ethics by watching what it is told to do.
Take carebots – robots designed to assist the sick and elderly, by bringing food or a book, or by turning on the lights or the TV. Like autonomous weapons and driverless cars, carebots will have choices to make. This is not something out of a science-fiction film anymore. These robots will exist and most likely become the norm within the next couple of decades. They will be likely to turn out to be better at some ethical decisions than we are. They may even make us better people. All this shows you how powerful technology is and how much our world might change once robots become more prevalent.
Does the text explain that robots can learn ethics?
No, it states that robots cannot learn to make moral decisions.
Yes, it gives the example of semi-autonomous weapons.
4. Task 11.
Can We Teach Robots Ethics?
We are not used to the idea of machines making ethical decisions, but the day when they will routinely do this – by themselves – is fast approaching. So how will driverless cars betaught to do the right thing?
The year is 2027. A driverless car arrives at your home at 8 a.m. to take you to work. There has never been trouble on the journey before. But today something unusual and terrible occurs: two children run out into the street in front of you. There is no time to stop and brake. The car also has the option of swerving left which will result in the car hitting an approaching motorbike. What choice will the car make? The factor of the car being able to choose, brings us the question: what kind of ethics should we programme into the car? How should we value the life of the driver compared to passengers in other cars? Would you buy a car that was prepared to sacrifice its driver to spare the lives of pedestrians? With each choice, come consequences, which then brings another question: where does the fault lie, with the manufacturer, the technology company or the person inside the car?
As this car, or something similar, will be on our roads in a decade, several technical issues still need to be overcome. But an obstacle for the driverless car, which may delay its appearance, is not merely mechanical, or electronic, but moral. Nonetheless, in the future there may be a few occasions when the driverless car does have to make a choice – which way to swerve, who to harm, or who to risk harming? Then there is the difficult matter of who is going to make these ethical decisions. Will the Government decide how cars make choices? Or the manufacturer? Or will it be you, the consumer? Will you be able to walk into a showroom and select the car ethics as you would its colour?
Like driverless cars, autonomous weapons are not science fiction. There are already weapons that operate without being fully controlled by humans. These robots should betaught some war rules, like prohibiting the deliberate killing of civilians. In this learning process, the robots are given a very essential ‘avoid suffering’, ‘promote happiness’ basis. Then as the robot is used, it ‘learns’ ethics by watching what it is told to do.
Take carebots – robots designed to assist the sick and elderly, by bringing food or a book, or by turning on the lights or the TV. Like autonomous weapons and driverless cars, carebots will have choices to make. This is not something out of a science-fiction film anymore. These robots will exist and most likely become the norm within the next couple of decades. They will be likely to turn out to be better at some ethical decisions than we are. They may even make us better people. All this shows you how powerful technology is and how much our world might change once robots become more prevalent.
What decision does the driverless car have to make in the first example?
Whether it can arrive by 8 a
Whether a motorist or a child is more important..m.
6. Task 08.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
How do athletes qualify for the Olympic Games?
Through a rigorous training process
By purchasing a ticket
7. Task 07.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sport in the text?
Gymnastics
Golf
9. Task 09.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
What is the purpose of the Olympic cauldron?
To showcase host city's technology
To symbolize the Olympic spirit
10. Task 03.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
How often are the Olympic Games held?
11. Task 05.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
Where is the Olympic flame lit?
In the Olympic stadium
In Olympia, Greece
12. Task 04.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
What is the purpose of the Olympic Games?
16. Task 12.
Can We Teach Robots Ethics?
We are not used to the idea of machines making ethical decisions, but the day when they will routinely do this – by themselves – is fast approaching. So how will driverless cars betaught to do the right thing?
The year is 2027. A driverless car arrives at your home at 8 a.m. to take you to work. There has never been trouble on the journey before. But today something unusual and terrible occurs: two children run out into the street in front of you. There is no time to stop and brake. The car also has the option of swerving left which will result in the car hitting an approaching motorbike. What choice will the car make? The factor of the car being able to choose, brings us the question: what kind of ethics should we programme into the car? How should we value the life of the driver compared to passengers in other cars? Would you buy a car that was prepared to sacrifice its driver to spare the lives of pedestrians? With each choice, come consequences, which then brings another question: where does the fault lie, with the manufacturer, the technology company or the person inside the car?
As this car, or something similar, will be on our roads in a decade, several technical issues still need to be overcome. But an obstacle for the driverless car, which may delay its appearance, is not merely mechanical, or electronic, but moral. Nonetheless, in the future there may be a few occasions when the driverless car does have to make a choice – which way to swerve, who to harm, or who to risk harming? Then there is the difficult matter of who is going to make these ethical decisions. Will the Government decide how cars make choices? Or the manufacturer? Or will it be you, the consumer? Will you be able to walk into a showroom and select the car ethics as you would its colour?
Like driverless cars, autonomous weapons are not science fiction. There are already weapons that operate without being fully controlled by humans. These robots should betaught some war rules, like prohibiting the deliberate killing of civilians. In this learning process, the robots are given a very essential ‘avoid suffering’, ‘promote happiness’ basis. Then as the robot is used, it ‘learns’ ethics by watching what it is told to do.
Take carebots – robots designed to assist the sick and elderly, by bringing food or a book, or by turning on the lights or the TV. Like autonomous weapons and driverless cars, carebots will have choices to make. This is not something out of a science-fiction film anymore. These robots will exist and most likely become the norm within the next couple of decades. They will be likely to turn out to be better at some ethical decisions than we are. They may even make us better people. All this shows you how powerful technology is and how much our world might change once robots become more prevalent.
What does the writer think is an important question about accidents involving driverless cars?
17. Task 14.
Can We Teach Robots Ethics?
We are not used to the idea of machines making ethical decisions, but the day when they will routinely do this – by themselves – is fast approaching. So how will driverless cars betaught to do the right thing?
The year is 2027. A driverless car arrives at your home at 8 a.m. to take you to work. There has never been trouble on the journey before. But today something unusual and terrible occurs: two children run out into the street in front of you. There is no time to stop and brake. The car also has the option of swerving left which will result in the car hitting an approaching motorbike. What choice will the car make? The factor of the car being able to choose, brings us the question: what kind of ethics should we programme into the car? How should we value the life of the driver compared to passengers in other cars? Would you buy a car that was prepared to sacrifice its driver to spare the lives of pedestrians? With each choice, come consequences, which then brings another question: where does the fault lie, with the manufacturer, the technology company or the person inside the car?
As this car, or something similar, will be on our roads in a decade, several technical issues still need to be overcome. But an obstacle for the driverless car, which may delay its appearance, is not merely mechanical, or electronic, but moral. Nonetheless, in the future there may be a few occasions when the driverless car does have to make a choice – which way to swerve, who to harm, or who to risk harming? Then there is the difficult matter of who is going to make these ethical decisions. Will the Government decide how cars make choices? Or the manufacturer? Or will it be you, the consumer? Will you be able to walk into a showroom and select the car ethics as you would its colour?
Like driverless cars, autonomous weapons are not science fiction. There are already weapons that operate without being fully controlled by humans. These robots should betaught some war rules, like prohibiting the deliberate killing of civilians. In this learning process, the robots are given a very essential ‘avoid suffering’, ‘promote happiness’ basis. Then as the robot is used, it ‘learns’ ethics by watching what it is told to do.
Take carebots – robots designed to assist the sick and elderly, by bringing food or a book, or by turning on the lights or the TV. Like autonomous weapons and driverless cars, carebots will have choices to make. This is not something out of a science-fiction film anymore. These robots will exist and most likely become the norm within the next couple of decades. They will be likely to turn out to be better at some ethical decisions than we are. They may even make us better people. All this shows you how powerful technology is and how much our world might change once robots become more prevalent.
Who will decide about the ethics for the driverless cars, according to the writer?
It might be the government, the manufacturer or maybe the customers.
The government will decide in accordance with the manufacturer.
19. Task 16.
Can We Teach Robots Ethics?
We are not used to the idea of machines making ethical decisions, but the day when they will routinely do this – by themselves – is fast approaching. So how will driverless cars betaught to do the right thing?
The year is 2027. A driverless car arrives at your home at 8 a.m. to take you to work. There has never been trouble on the journey before. But today something unusual and terrible occurs: two children run out into the street in front of you. There is no time to stop and brake. The car also has the option of swerving left which will result in the car hitting an approaching motorbike. What choice will the car make? The factor of the car being able to choose, brings us the question: what kind of ethics should we programme into the car? How should we value the life of the driver compared to passengers in other cars? Would you buy a car that was prepared to sacrifice its driver to spare the lives of pedestrians? With each choice, come consequences, which then brings another question: where does the fault lie, with the manufacturer, the technology company or the person inside the car?
As this car, or something similar, will be on our roads in a decade, several technical issues still need to be overcome. But an obstacle for the driverless car, which may delay its appearance, is not merely mechanical, or electronic, but moral. Nonetheless, in the future there may be a few occasions when the driverless car does have to make a choice – which way to swerve, who to harm, or who to risk harming? Then there is the difficult matter of who is going to make these ethical decisions. Will the Government decide how cars make choices? Or the manufacturer? Or will it be you, the consumer? Will you be able to walk into a showroom and select the car ethics as you would its colour?
Like driverless cars, autonomous weapons are not science fiction. There are already weapons that operate without being fully controlled by humans. These robots should betaught some war rules, like prohibiting the deliberate killing of civilians. In this learning process, the robots are given a very essential ‘avoid suffering’, ‘promote happiness’ basis. Then as the robot is used, it ‘learns’ ethics by watching what it is told to do.
Take carebots – robots designed to assist the sick and elderly, by bringing food or a book, or by turning on the lights or the TV. Like autonomous weapons and driverless cars, carebots will have choices to make. This is not something out of a science-fiction film anymore. These robots will exist and most likely become the norm within the next couple of decades. They will be likely to turn out to be better at some ethical decisions than we are. They may even make us better people. All this shows you how powerful technology is and how much our world might change once robots become more prevalent.
How might humans be affected by ethical robots, according to the text?
20. Task 02.
Read the short text below and then answer the question
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
What is the main focus of the text?
21. Task 13.
Can We Teach Robots Ethics?
We are not used to the idea of machines making ethical decisions, but the day when they will routinely do this – by themselves – is fast approaching. So how will driverless cars betaught to do the right thing?
The year is 2027. A driverless car arrives at your home at 8 a.m. to take you to work. There has never been trouble on the journey before. But today something unusual and terrible occurs: two children run out into the street in front of you. There is no time to stop and brake. The car also has the option of swerving left which will result in the car hitting an approaching motorbike. What choice will the car make? The factor of the car being able to choose, brings us the question: what kind of ethics should we programme into the car? How should we value the life of the driver compared to passengers in other cars? Would you buy a car that was prepared to sacrifice its driver to spare the lives of pedestrians? With each choice, come consequences, which then brings another question: where does the fault lie, with the manufacturer, the technology company or the person inside the car?
As this car, or something similar, will be on our roads in a decade, several technical issues still need to be overcome. But an obstacle for the driverless car, which may delay its appearance, is not merely mechanical, or electronic, but moral. Nonetheless, in the future there may be a few occasions when the driverless car does have to make a choice – which way to swerve, who to harm, or who to risk harming? Then there is the difficult matter of who is going to make these ethical decisions. Will the Government decide how cars make choices? Or the manufacturer? Or will it be you, the consumer? Will you be able to walk into a showroom and select the car ethics as you would its colour?
Like driverless cars, autonomous weapons are not science fiction. There are already weapons that operate without being fully controlled by humans. These robots should betaught some war rules, like prohibiting the deliberate killing of civilians. In this learning process, the robots are given a very essential ‘avoid suffering’, ‘promote happiness’ basis. Then as the robot is used, it ‘learns’ ethics by watching what it is told to do.
Take carebots – robots designed to assist the sick and elderly, by bringing food or a book, or by turning on the lights or the TV. Like autonomous weapons and driverless cars, carebots will have choices to make. This is not something out of a science-fiction film anymore. These robots will exist and most likely become the norm within the next couple of decades. They will be likely to turn out to be better at some ethical decisions than we are. They may even make us better people. All this shows you how powerful technology is and how much our world might change once robots become more prevalent.
How long will it take for driverless cars to be on the roads?
26. Task 06.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, a global sporting extravaganza held every four years,
bring together athletes from around the world to compete in various sports.
The modern Olympics, inspired by the ancient Greek games, aim to promote
international unity and friendship through sportsmanship and competition.
The games include a wide range of sports, such as athletics, swimming, gymnastics,
soccer, and many more.
Athletes train rigorously for years to qualify and represent their countries at this prestigious event.
The Olympic flame, lit in Olympia, Greece, symbolizes the spirit of the games and travels to the host city,
where it is used to light the Olympic cauldron.
Each edition of the Olympics introduces new records and unforgettable moments.
The competitive spirit, sportsmanship, and dedication of the athletes inspire millions worldwide.
The event not only showcases athletic prowess but also serves as a platform for cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
What does the Olympic flame symbolize?
